ERC FUNDED PROJECTS

The project is the first comprehensive study to assess contemporary parenting norms and practices and their diffusion. The project develops a comparative framework to study prevalent motherhood and fatherhood norms, images, identities and behaviour in current societies. The project will focus on how parenting roles are constructed by professionals, welfare states, and popular media, and will assess how cultural and institutional norms and images are perceived and realized by expecting and new parents. In 4 subprojects this study investigates 1) How standards of 'good' mothering and fathering are perceived, shaped and disseminated by professionals (gynaecologists, midwives, family councils); 2) How welfare states, labour markets and family policies target at mothers and fathers roles as earners and care givers, and how this has changed in recent decades; 3) How images of mothers and fathers roles have been portrayed in print media from 1980 until 2010; 4) How (expecting) mothers and fathers perceive, embody and represent parenting norms and images in their own work and family roles; 5) How new parents divide paid and unpaid work and how these divisions shape career patterns over the life course; 6) How these patterns differ cross-nationally. The international collaboration includes Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, and Poland. The aim of this project is to develop a contemporary sociology of adult sex roles and parenting norms: A theory of the social creation of parenting norms and a comprehensive framework to study empirically the change of men's and women's roles, identities and practices as earners and care givers in the early phase of family formation. By combining expert interviews, policy analysis and content analysis of print media with analyses of qualitative and quantitative data on (nascent) parents, the project will address the diverse layers associated with changing gender roles and parenting norms over the adult life course.

1 393 751 €

Start date: 2011-01-01, End date: 2016-12-31

Challenging the notion of Fortress Europe , the research investigates relations between the European Union and its southern periphery through the concept of borderlands . The concept emphasises the disaggregation of the triple function of borders demarcating state territory, authority, and national identity inherent in the Westphalian model of statehood. This process is most visible in (although not limited to) Europe, where integration has led to supranational areas of sovereignty, an internal market, a common currency, and a zone of free movement of people, each with a different territorial span. The project explores the complex and differentiated process by which the EU extends its unbundled functional and legal borders to the so-called southern Mediterranean (North Africa and parts of the Middle East), thereby transforming it into borderlands . They connect the European core with the periphery through various legal and functional border regimes, governance patterns, and the selective outsourcing of some EU border control duties. The overarching questions informing this research is whether, first, the borderland policies of the EU, described by some as a neo-medieval empire, is a functional consequence of the specific integration model pursued inside the EU, a matter of foreign policy choice or a local manifestation of a broader global phenomenon. Second, the project addresses the question of power dynamics that underwrite borderland governance, presuming a growing leverage of third country governments resulting from their co-optation as gatekeepers. Thus, while adopting an innovative approach, the project will enhance our understanding of EU-Mediterranean relations while also addressing crucial theoretical questions in international relations.

1 353 920 €

Start date: 2011-10-01, End date: 2017-03-31

The latter part of the twentieth century was a period of rapid democratisation on a global scale. The attention of comparative politics scholars followed the progression of so-called Third Wave democracies, and gradually progressed from the study of the causes of and the transitions to democracy to the problems of democratic consolidation, and then to more recent issues relating to the quality of democracy. A further, frontier step may now be added to such research path by focusing on a subject that has remained largely under-researched, if at all, namely the political, social and economic consequences that emerged in countries where real democratic change took place. The question of what democracy has been able to deliver will become ever more relevant to the future prospects of recent democratisation processes and of democracy at large. In the study of the consequences of democratisation, the advent of democracy is thus no longer observed as an endpoint, or a dependent variable to be explained, but as a starting point, or an independent variable that allegedly contributes to the explanation of a wide range of political, economic and social effects. The question of the corollaries of democratisation also has crucial policy implications. The goals of the proposed research are: a) the definition of a theoretical framework that articulates, integrates and interrelates the different existing hypotheses and arguments on the consequences of democratization processes b) the empirical investigation, through a combination and integration of quantitative and qualitative methods, of the validity of three specific such hypotheses, namely: i. democratisation favours the consolidation of the state (as a political effect) ii. democratisation favours economic liberalization (as an economic effect) iii. democratisation improves social welfare (as a social effect) c) the analysis of the specific forms that the effects of democratization assume in different world regions

322 284 €

Start date: 2010-11-01, End date: 2015-10-31

This project seeks to recover the processes by which religious beliefs and identities were defined through interreligious interaction and debate in the religious culture of a broader social base in the eastern Mediterranean (6-8th centuries AD) through examination of a neglected, unconventional corpus of medieval Greek, Syriac and Arabic literature of debate and disputation (consisting of collections of questions and answers, dialogues among others), treating authors such as Ps. Kaisarios, Anastasios of Sinai, and Ps. Athanasios. These sources help us to understand the kinds of perplexities that were being raised in Christian communities of the eastern Mediterranean as they negotiated a lively and contentious religious and social landscape, and they highlight the multifarious issues which Christian leaders had to be prepared to deal with in their pastoral, pedagogical, and apologetic work. At the same time these collections must be seen as an attempt by Christian authors to work out how Christianity was to define its position with regard to other religions (Hellenism, Judaism and Islam) in a period still characterized by considerable fluidity and change. As well as writing those doubts, challenges, objections, concerns, issues and anxieties back into the religious history of the eastern Mediterranean, when completed this full-length study of these texts will provide scholars not only with a detailed knowledge of the ways in which religious belief, practice and communities were defined in contrast to other religious systems, and a fuller sense of the religious, social and intellectual history of the eastern Mediterranean but also with a nuanced picture of their self-definition, one which will be more sensitive to the processes that led to its formation.

1 483 119 €

Start date: 2011-01-01, End date: 2016-12-31