Project acronym ZFISHSLEEP
Project Resolving the Neuropharmacology and Genetics of Zebrafish Sleep
Researcher (PI) Jason Rihel
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), LS5, ERC-2011-StG_20101109
Summary Sleep is a fundamental process, yet the genetic and neural mechanisms that regulate sleep are largely unknown. We have developed the zebrafish as a model system to study the regulation of sleep because it combines the genetics of invertebrates with the basic brain structures that regulate sleep in humans. We previously designed high throughput behavioural assays to measure sleep behaviours in the fish and used genetic tools to demonstrate that the wake-regulating hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) system is functionally conserved in the zebrafish. We have also used our assays to perform a small molecule screen and identified both conserved and novel candidate regulators of sleep in zebrafish.
In Aim 1, we will observe the behaviour of wild type and Hcrt receptor mutants to a panel of small molecules known to alter zebrafish sleep. This aim tests the hypothesis that these compounds exert their effects on sleep and wake through the Hcrt system. In Aim 2, we will follow-up on the compounds that had differential effects in the mutants. We will monitor the activity of Hcrt neurons in response to drugs using a new neuroluminescent technique to observe the activity of neurons in freely behaving zebrafish larvae. This Aim will extend the behavioural data to the level of neural circuits. In Aim 3, we will use new methods to globally observe neuronal activity in the zebrafish brain to extend our analysis to neurons thought to interact with the Hcrt system. By observing activity across the sleep/wake cycle, we may also uncover novel sleep regulating neurons.
Overall, this project takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of sleep and the Hcrt system, leveraging new methods from chemical biology, molecular genetics, and behavioural neuroscience in the zebrafish. As little is known about the mechanisms and sites of action for most sleep-altering compounds, any progress would advance the sleep field and could have clinical relevance to the treatment of sleep disorders.
Summary
Sleep is a fundamental process, yet the genetic and neural mechanisms that regulate sleep are largely unknown. We have developed the zebrafish as a model system to study the regulation of sleep because it combines the genetics of invertebrates with the basic brain structures that regulate sleep in humans. We previously designed high throughput behavioural assays to measure sleep behaviours in the fish and used genetic tools to demonstrate that the wake-regulating hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) system is functionally conserved in the zebrafish. We have also used our assays to perform a small molecule screen and identified both conserved and novel candidate regulators of sleep in zebrafish.
In Aim 1, we will observe the behaviour of wild type and Hcrt receptor mutants to a panel of small molecules known to alter zebrafish sleep. This aim tests the hypothesis that these compounds exert their effects on sleep and wake through the Hcrt system. In Aim 2, we will follow-up on the compounds that had differential effects in the mutants. We will monitor the activity of Hcrt neurons in response to drugs using a new neuroluminescent technique to observe the activity of neurons in freely behaving zebrafish larvae. This Aim will extend the behavioural data to the level of neural circuits. In Aim 3, we will use new methods to globally observe neuronal activity in the zebrafish brain to extend our analysis to neurons thought to interact with the Hcrt system. By observing activity across the sleep/wake cycle, we may also uncover novel sleep regulating neurons.
Overall, this project takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of sleep and the Hcrt system, leveraging new methods from chemical biology, molecular genetics, and behavioural neuroscience in the zebrafish. As little is known about the mechanisms and sites of action for most sleep-altering compounds, any progress would advance the sleep field and could have clinical relevance to the treatment of sleep disorders.
Max ERC Funding
1 902 750 €
Duration
Start date: 2012-02-01, End date: 2017-01-31
Project acronym ZINC-HUBS
Project Engineering zinc fingers to target cancer hub genes
Researcher (PI) Mark Isalan
Host Institution (HI) IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), LS7, ERC-2007-StG
Summary For the last ten years, protein engineering technologies have been developed to make zinc finger peptides to recognise a wide variety of user-defined DNA sequences. This has enabled the construction of synthetic transcription factors that can upregulate or repress target genes at will. More recently, synthetic zinc fingers have been linked to nucleases to direct double stranded breaks at desired loci within genomes. These breaks increase the efficiency of homologous recombination so that, by providing an exogenous repair sequence, it is possible to repair or mutate endogenous genes. Although zinc finger engineering has reached a state of maturity, there are very few groups in the world who have the technical know-how to adopt this technology, and this has delayed general uptake. We will use the expertise we have developed, in both zinc finger engineering and gene repair, to construct zinc finger proteins to recognise some of the most highly-connected (and widely-studied) genes in biology. This will serve as a toolkit for the research community to target hub genes and either mutate or repair them. As a starting point we propose to target the following hub genes: TBP (TATA-binding protein), p53, p300, RXR, pRB, RelA, c-jun, c-myc, and c-fos. These genes are the most connected hubs in the human transcription factor network (TRANSFAC 8.2 database) and their mutants are associated with a variety of diseases. We will engineer and characterise zinc finger proteins that recognise these DNA sequences in vitro and induce gene repair in vivo. For example, this will allow cancer cell lines to have particular oncogenes repaired or mutated, within the context of all the other mutations that have been accrued during the process of oncogenesis. This will help to characterise the contribution of network nodes and hubs to the observed phenotypes. Ultimately, some of the gene repair peptides we create will have therapeutic potential, as well as providing tools for systems biology.
Summary
For the last ten years, protein engineering technologies have been developed to make zinc finger peptides to recognise a wide variety of user-defined DNA sequences. This has enabled the construction of synthetic transcription factors that can upregulate or repress target genes at will. More recently, synthetic zinc fingers have been linked to nucleases to direct double stranded breaks at desired loci within genomes. These breaks increase the efficiency of homologous recombination so that, by providing an exogenous repair sequence, it is possible to repair or mutate endogenous genes. Although zinc finger engineering has reached a state of maturity, there are very few groups in the world who have the technical know-how to adopt this technology, and this has delayed general uptake. We will use the expertise we have developed, in both zinc finger engineering and gene repair, to construct zinc finger proteins to recognise some of the most highly-connected (and widely-studied) genes in biology. This will serve as a toolkit for the research community to target hub genes and either mutate or repair them. As a starting point we propose to target the following hub genes: TBP (TATA-binding protein), p53, p300, RXR, pRB, RelA, c-jun, c-myc, and c-fos. These genes are the most connected hubs in the human transcription factor network (TRANSFAC 8.2 database) and their mutants are associated with a variety of diseases. We will engineer and characterise zinc finger proteins that recognise these DNA sequences in vitro and induce gene repair in vivo. For example, this will allow cancer cell lines to have particular oncogenes repaired or mutated, within the context of all the other mutations that have been accrued during the process of oncogenesis. This will help to characterise the contribution of network nodes and hubs to the observed phenotypes. Ultimately, some of the gene repair peptides we create will have therapeutic potential, as well as providing tools for systems biology.
Max ERC Funding
1 327 689 €
Duration
Start date: 2008-10-01, End date: 2014-09-30
