ERC FUNDED PROJECTS

From medieval times, Arabic as well as European music was analysed in terms that were inherited from Classical Antiquity and had thus developed in a very different music culture. In spite of recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the latter, whose technicalities we access not only through texts and iconography, but also through instrument finds and surviving notated melodies, its relation to music traditions known from later periods and different places is almost uncharted territory. The present project explores relations between Hellenic/Hellenistic music as pervaded the theatres and concert halls throughout and beyond the Roman empire, Near Eastern traditions – from the diatonic system emerging from cuneiform sources to the flourishing musical world of the caliphates – and, as far as possible, African musical life south of Egypt as well – a region that maintained close ties both with the Hellenised culture of its northern neighbours and with the Arabian Peninsula. On the one hand, this demands collaboration between Classical Philology and Arabic Studies, extending methods recently developed within music archaeological research related to the Classical Mediterranean. Arabic writings need to be examined in close reading, using recent insights into the interplay between ancient music theory and practice, in order to segregate the influence of Greek thinking from ideas and facts that must relate to contemporaneous ‘Arabic’ music-making. In this way we hope better to define the relation of this tradition to the ‘Classical world’, potentially breaking free of Orientalising bias informing modern views. On the other hand, the study and reconstruction, virtual and material, of wind instruments of Hellenistic pedigree but found outside the confinements of the Hellenistic ‘heartlands’ may provide evidence of ‘foreign’ tonality employed in those regions – specifically the royal city of Meroë in modern Sudan and the Oxus Temple in modern Tajikistan.

775 959 €

Start date: 2018-09-01, End date: 2023-08-31

Although it is clear that human collaborative skills are exceptional, elucidating similarities and differences of proximate processes underlying cooperative interactions between non-primate and primate taxa may have important implications for our understanding of cooperation in humans and non human-animals via a profound knowledge of 1) socio-cognitive skills as adaptations to specific environments and/or 2) the evolutionary background and origin of our own skills. The closely related wolves and dogs constitute the ideal non-primate model to implement this approach, since cooperation is at the core of their social organization and they are adapted to very different environments. I propose a series of experiments with wolves (N = 20) and identically raised and kept dogs (N= 20) that will focus on cognitive processes closely linked to the emotional system such as empathy, inequity aversion and delayed gratification that are thought to be involved in triggering and maintaining primate cooperation. In Part 1 of the project, we will investigate whether and to what extent these processes are present in canines, while in Part 2 we will elucidate how they influence partner choice in cooperative interactions. Using social network theory, we will integrate knowledge about animals’ emotional tendencies and cognitive abilities to model canine cooperation. This is an important step towards unifying theoretical and empirical approaches in animal behaviour. CanCoop incorporates innovative methods and a novel approach that has the potential to elucidate the interactions between proximate and ultimate processes in regard to cooperation. The nature of CanCoop guarantees public and media attention needed for proper societal dissemination of the results, which will be relevant for animal behaviour, social sciences, wildlife and zoo management.

1 295 716 €

Start date: 2013-02-01, End date: 2018-01-31

The widespread adoption of the Internet and its influence on our daily life is unquestioned. Global Zettabyte traffic has rendered photonics as indispensable for the communication infrastructure. While direct signal detection has been dismissed in radio communications decades ago, it prevails in short- and medium-reach optics in virtue of its simplicity. In such an environment photonics can only rely on incremental improvements, whereas it desperately seeks for disruptive concepts. COYOTE envisions a novel coherent homodyne transceiver concept for analogue signals and access to higher-order formats with efficiencies of 10 bits/symbol. On top of this, high-fidelity transport of multi-band 5G radio signals in the millimetre-wave range up to 100 GHz will be enabled by analogue coherent photonics while mitigating energy-hungry digital signal processing. COYOTE takes one more leap and dares the contradictory full-duplex data transmission in virtue of its novel reception engine to ultimately guarantee a lean solution with greatly simplified yet flexible “hardware”. The key asset of COYOTE’s coherent engine will be a locked laser with improved coherence characteristics together with a flexible modulator-detector element, which is capable to emulate direct-detection systems in a transparent way while giving birth to novel networking concepts. Exploration of the 3D Stokes and 2D quadrature spaces through a segmented receiver architecture will boost the spectral efficiency to >10 bits/s/Hz. It is the lean and yet efficient coherent transceiver methodology of COYOTE that will remove the currently existing boundary between direct-detection and coherent systems in the midst of network reaches. By coherently “reviving” these telecom segments of integrated wireline-wireless access networks, optical interconnects for intra-datacentre connectivity and even quantum communication, an order-of-magnitude improvement in terms of spectral efficiency x reach product will be gained.

1 500 000 €

Start date: 2019-01-01, End date: 2023-12-31

The chronology of ancient Egypt is a golden thread for the memory of early civilisation. It is not only the scaffolding of four millennia of Egyptian history, but also one of the pillars of the chronology of the entire ancient Near East and eastern Mediterranean. The basic division of Egyptian history into 31 dynasties was introduced by Manetho, an Egyptian historian (c. 280 BC) writing in Greek for the Ptolemaic kings. Despite the fact that this scheme was adopted by Egyptologists 200 years ago and remains in use until today, there has never been an in-depth analysis of Manetho’s kinglist and of the names in it. Until now, identifying the Greek renderings of royal names with their hieroglyphic counterparts was more or less educated guesswork. It is thus essential to introduce the principles of textual criticism, to evaluate royal names on a firm linguistic basis and to provide for the first time ever an Egyptological commentary on Manetho’s kinglist. Just like Manetho did long ago, now it is necessary to gather all inscriptional evidence on Egyptian history: dated inscriptions, biographic and prosopographic data of royalty and commoners, genuine Egyptian kinglists and annals. These data must be critically evaluated in context, their assignment to specific reigns must be reconsidered, and genealogies and sequences of officials must be reviewed. The results are not only important for Egyptian historical chronology and for our understanding of the Egyptian perception of history, but also for the interpretation of chronological data gained from archaeological excavations (material culture) and sciences (14C dates, which are interpreted on the basis of historical chronology, e.g., via ‘Bayesian modelling’). The applicant has already shown the significance of this approach in pilot studies on the pyramid age. Further work in cooperation with international specialists will thus shed new light on ancient sources in order to determine the chronology of early civilisation.

1 499 992 €

Start date: 2018-03-01, End date: 2023-02-28