Project acronym CGCglasmaQGP
Project The nonlinear high energy regime of Quantum Chromodynamics
Researcher (PI) Tuomas Veli Valtteri Lappi
Host Institution (HI) JYVASKYLAN YLIOPISTO
Country Finland
Call Details Consolidator Grant (CoG), PE2, ERC-2015-CoG
Summary "This proposal concentrates on Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in its least well understood "final frontier": the high energy limit. The aim is to treat the formation of quark gluon plasma in relativistic nuclear collisions together with other high energy processes in a consistent QCD framework. This project is topical now in order to fully understand the results from the maturing LHC heavy ion program. The high energy regime is characterized by a high density of gluons, whose nonlinear interactions are beyond the reach of simple perturbative calculations. High energy particles also propagate nearly on the light cone, unaccessible to Euclidean lattice calculations. The nonlinear interactions at high density lead to the phenomenon of gluon saturation. The emergence of the "saturation scale", a semihard typical transverse momentum, enables a weak coupling expansion around a nonperturbatively large color field. This project aims to make progress both in collider phenomenology and in more conceptual aspects of nonabelian gauge field dynamics at high energy density:
1. Significant advances towards higher order accuracy will be made in cross section calculations for processes where a dilute probe collides with the strong color field of a high energy nucleus.
2. The quantum fluctuations around the strong color fields in the initial stages of a relativistic heavy ion collision will be analyzed with a new numerical method based on an explicit linearization of the equations of motion, maintaining a well defined weak coupling limit.
3. Initial conditions for fluid dynamical descriptions of the quark gluon plasma phase in heavy ion collisions will be obtained from a constrained QCD calculation.
We propose to achieve these goals with modern analytical and numerical methods, on which the P.I. is a leading expert. This project would represent a leap in the field towards better quantitative first principles understanding of QCD in a new kinematical domain."
Summary
"This proposal concentrates on Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in its least well understood "final frontier": the high energy limit. The aim is to treat the formation of quark gluon plasma in relativistic nuclear collisions together with other high energy processes in a consistent QCD framework. This project is topical now in order to fully understand the results from the maturing LHC heavy ion program. The high energy regime is characterized by a high density of gluons, whose nonlinear interactions are beyond the reach of simple perturbative calculations. High energy particles also propagate nearly on the light cone, unaccessible to Euclidean lattice calculations. The nonlinear interactions at high density lead to the phenomenon of gluon saturation. The emergence of the "saturation scale", a semihard typical transverse momentum, enables a weak coupling expansion around a nonperturbatively large color field. This project aims to make progress both in collider phenomenology and in more conceptual aspects of nonabelian gauge field dynamics at high energy density:
1. Significant advances towards higher order accuracy will be made in cross section calculations for processes where a dilute probe collides with the strong color field of a high energy nucleus.
2. The quantum fluctuations around the strong color fields in the initial stages of a relativistic heavy ion collision will be analyzed with a new numerical method based on an explicit linearization of the equations of motion, maintaining a well defined weak coupling limit.
3. Initial conditions for fluid dynamical descriptions of the quark gluon plasma phase in heavy ion collisions will be obtained from a constrained QCD calculation.
We propose to achieve these goals with modern analytical and numerical methods, on which the P.I. is a leading expert. This project would represent a leap in the field towards better quantitative first principles understanding of QCD in a new kinematical domain."
Max ERC Funding
1 935 000 €
Duration
Start date: 2016-10-01, End date: 2021-09-30
Project acronym SCATAPNUT
Project Scattering and tapping on soft-hard-open nuts
Researcher (PI) Notburga Gierlinger
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITAET FUER BODENKULTUR WIEN
Country Austria
Call Details Consolidator Grant (CoG), PE4, ERC-2015-CoG
Summary Seeds enclosed in maternal tissue are an important evolutionary plant development as they protect the embryo in many different environments. The protecting coverings are very heterogeneous in structure and origin due to different seed dispersal strategies and environments designed for. The ones having hard outer coverings are commonly called nuts and their shells have recently become of interest for biomimetic research as they represent hard and tough lightweight structures with biological and environmental resistance.
Biological materials are optimized at numerous length scales. To unravel the design principles on the micro- and nano scale and their assembly are a big challenge in biomimetic research. Thus the objectives of this project are threefold: 1) develop in-situ methods for in-depth characterization at the micro- and nano level, 2) reveal the heterogeneity and common design principles by investigating different species and 3) follow development (soft), maturation (hard) and germination (open).
By measuring the inelastic scattering of laser light (RAMAN microscopy), tapping with a tip (Atomic force microscopy AFM, pulsed force mode) and combining both (Scanning near field optical microscopy-SNOM, Tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy-TERS) sophisticated applications for imaging natural packaging structures will be developed. This will enable us to gain new insights into micro- and nanochemistry as well as nanomechanics in the context of tissue and cell organization. Furthermore in-depth knowledge on the developmental processes of cell assembly, maturation and germination will be obtained. This will lead to a better understanding of the underlying design principles, which is important in order to extract structure-function relationships and identify features that contribute e.g. to the high strength and cracking resistance and longevity. Such information is important for biology (agriculture) and will give new input in intelligent biomimetic material design.
Summary
Seeds enclosed in maternal tissue are an important evolutionary plant development as they protect the embryo in many different environments. The protecting coverings are very heterogeneous in structure and origin due to different seed dispersal strategies and environments designed for. The ones having hard outer coverings are commonly called nuts and their shells have recently become of interest for biomimetic research as they represent hard and tough lightweight structures with biological and environmental resistance.
Biological materials are optimized at numerous length scales. To unravel the design principles on the micro- and nano scale and their assembly are a big challenge in biomimetic research. Thus the objectives of this project are threefold: 1) develop in-situ methods for in-depth characterization at the micro- and nano level, 2) reveal the heterogeneity and common design principles by investigating different species and 3) follow development (soft), maturation (hard) and germination (open).
By measuring the inelastic scattering of laser light (RAMAN microscopy), tapping with a tip (Atomic force microscopy AFM, pulsed force mode) and combining both (Scanning near field optical microscopy-SNOM, Tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy-TERS) sophisticated applications for imaging natural packaging structures will be developed. This will enable us to gain new insights into micro- and nanochemistry as well as nanomechanics in the context of tissue and cell organization. Furthermore in-depth knowledge on the developmental processes of cell assembly, maturation and germination will be obtained. This will lead to a better understanding of the underlying design principles, which is important in order to extract structure-function relationships and identify features that contribute e.g. to the high strength and cracking resistance and longevity. Such information is important for biology (agriculture) and will give new input in intelligent biomimetic material design.
Max ERC Funding
1 993 606 €
Duration
Start date: 2016-09-01, End date: 2021-08-31
Project acronym VINCAT
Project A Unified Approach to Redox-Neutral C-C Couplings: Exploiting Vinyl Cation Rearrangements
Researcher (PI) Nuno Xavier Dias Maulide
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITAT WIEN
Country Austria
Call Details Consolidator Grant (CoG), PE5, ERC-2015-CoG
Summary The preparation of complex molecular architectures employing multi-component reactions where the number of bond-forming events is maximised is a central goal of the discipline of Organic Synthesis. The contemporary, pressing need for sustainable chemical reactions has raised the demand for novel reaction families that explore the concept of redox-neutrality and proceed with the generation of minimal waste. In this proposal, I present a unified and conceptually novel approach to atom-economical C-C bond formation in challenging contexts without the need for transition metal promoters or reagents. To this end, I propose the innovative harvesting of the potential of vinyl cation intermediates as platforms for the deployment of nucleophilic entities capable of orchestrating rearrangement reactions. The combination of such high-energy intermediates, generated under mild conditions, with the power of carefully designed rearrangements leads to an array of useful new transformations. Furthermore, the very high atom-economy and simplicity of these reactions renders them not only sustainable and environmentally friendly but also highly appealing for large-scale applications. Additional approaches to enantioselective synthesis further enhance the methods proposed.
The paradigm proposed herein for the exploitation of vinyl cations will also open up new vistas in the centuries-old aldol reaction and in amination chemistry. This showcases the vast potential of these simple principles of chemical reactivity. The myriad of new reactions and new product families made possible by VINCAT will decisively enrich the toolbox of the synthetic practitioner.
Summary
The preparation of complex molecular architectures employing multi-component reactions where the number of bond-forming events is maximised is a central goal of the discipline of Organic Synthesis. The contemporary, pressing need for sustainable chemical reactions has raised the demand for novel reaction families that explore the concept of redox-neutrality and proceed with the generation of minimal waste. In this proposal, I present a unified and conceptually novel approach to atom-economical C-C bond formation in challenging contexts without the need for transition metal promoters or reagents. To this end, I propose the innovative harvesting of the potential of vinyl cation intermediates as platforms for the deployment of nucleophilic entities capable of orchestrating rearrangement reactions. The combination of such high-energy intermediates, generated under mild conditions, with the power of carefully designed rearrangements leads to an array of useful new transformations. Furthermore, the very high atom-economy and simplicity of these reactions renders them not only sustainable and environmentally friendly but also highly appealing for large-scale applications. Additional approaches to enantioselective synthesis further enhance the methods proposed.
The paradigm proposed herein for the exploitation of vinyl cations will also open up new vistas in the centuries-old aldol reaction and in amination chemistry. This showcases the vast potential of these simple principles of chemical reactivity. The myriad of new reactions and new product families made possible by VINCAT will decisively enrich the toolbox of the synthetic practitioner.
Max ERC Funding
1 940 025 €
Duration
Start date: 2017-01-01, End date: 2021-12-31
