According to recent investigations, some genetic variations are strongly linked to CVD but the mechanisms leading to the development of such conditions are largely unknown. This ERC-funded project focuses on a cohort of 60 000 unique individuals to identify these mechanisms and has already shown some promising results.

Prof. Melander and his team, drawing on previous findings, have discovered 58 gene variants linked to coronary artery disease. Thanks to this genetic information they could identify “hidden high-risk individuals” who would remain undetected considering only the traditional risk factors known today. These individuals could preventatively be treated with statins, usually used to lower cholesterol. The team has also found that a high level of neurotensin in the plasma is a strong predictor of CVD and diabetes. Neurotensin can be reduced with certain diets and drugs, decreasing the risk. In addition, they have provided evidence that higher water consumption reduces the level of vasopressin, which is associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Finally, they found that high concentrations of the amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine and isoleucine are also a risk factor for CVD. The levels of these amino acids are high in individuals who consume large quantities of red meat and low in those with a high milk protein intake.  

Prof. Melander's ultimate goal is to provide novel targets for pharmacological prevention and suggest focused lifestyle interventions. His work could have a clear impact on clinical medicine and prevention of CVD.